SQL operators

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators take two numeric values (either literals or variables) and perform a calculation that returns a single numeric value.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Addition	2 + 2	4
-	Subtraction	4 - 2	2
*	Multiplication	2 * 3	6
/	Division	6 / 3	2
%	Modulo	7 % 2	1

Comparison operators

Comparison operators evaluate the relationship between the left and right operands and returns true or false.

Operator	Meaning	Example
=	Equal to	123 = 123
<>	Not equal to	123 <> 456
!=	Not equal to	123 != 456
>	Greater than	3 > 2
>=	Greater than or equal to	3 >= 2
<	Less than	1 < 2
<=	Less than or equal to	1 <= 2
~	Matches a regular expression	'abc' ~ 'a.*'
~*	Matches a regular expression (case-insensitive)	'Abc' ~* 'A.*'
!~	Does not match a regular expression	'abc' !~ 'd.*'
!~*	Does not match a regular expression (case-insensitive)	'Abc' !~* 'a.*'

Logical operators

Logical operators combine or manipulate conditions in a SQL query.

Operator	Meaning
AND	Returns true if both operands are true. Otherwise, returns false.
BETWEEN	Returns true if the left operand is within the range of the right operand.
EXISTS	Returns true if the results of a subquery are not empty.
IN	Returns true if the left operand is in the right operand list.
LIKE	Returns true if the left operand matches the right operand pattern string.
NOT	Negates the subsequent expression.
OR	Returns true if any operand is true. Otherwise, returns false.

Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators perform bitwise operations on bit patterns or binary numerals.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
&	Bitwise and	5 & 3	1
|	Bitwise or	5 | 3	7
^	Bitwise xor	5 ^ 3	6
>>	Bitwise shift right	5 >> 3	0
<<	Bitwise shift left	5 << 3	40

Other operators

SQL supports other miscellaneous operators that perform various operations.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
||	Concatenate strings	'Hello' || ' world'	Hello world
AT TIME ZONE	Apply a time zone offset	View example